上表中的颜色代表疫情的严重程度，这是基于对美国养猪行业确定的危害和潜在的风险划分的；等级(R) 1:蓝色—没有改变状态；2：红色—需要额外关注，因为情况是动态的；3：黑色—需要考虑改变操作以降低风险。各起疫情的地理位置图见文末。S表示疑似病例。Outbreaksdescribedinthetableabovearecoloredaccordingtoanassignedsignificancescore.Thescoreisbasedonthe identifiedhazardandpotentialithastoaffecttheUSswineindustry.Rank (R)Blue:1-nochangeinstatus;Red:2 -needs extra attentionasthesituationis dynamic;Black:3-requiresconsiderationorchangeinpracticestoreduceexposuretotheUSswine industry.Mapwiththelocationoftheevents reportedisavailableattheendofthis report.非洲猪瘟African Swine Fever准备工作 PREPAREDNESS加拿大 Canada贸易协定 Trade agreements加拿大食品检验局(CFIA)和新加坡食品检验局(Singapore Food Agency)已达成一个非洲猪瘟分区管理协定，以便在发生非洲猪瘟疫情时，可允许来自加拿大无疫区的猪产品的安全贸易。
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and the Singapore Food Agency have agreed to an ASF zoning arrangement to allow for the safe trade of swine products from disease-free zones in Canada in the event of an ASF outbreak.新加坡在对加拿大食品检疫局的分区管理规划的建议进行评估后，同意与加拿大签订一项分区贸易协定。加拿大每年出口到新加坡的猪肉和猪肉产品价值809万美元，分区管理一旦建立，如果在加拿大发现一例非洲猪瘟，这个贸易协定的限制也仅限于主要控制区内的区域。这一协定将有助于减少对加拿大养猪业的贸易影响，同时保护两国的猪群。
After its evaluation of CFIA’s zoning proposal, Singapore agreed to a regionalization arrangement with Canada. This means restrictions on the import of Canadian pork and pork products into Singapore, valued at $8.09 million USD per year, would only be limited to the areas within the primary control zone(s), once established, if a case of ASF were to be found in Canada. This arrangement would serve to minimize trade impacts to the Canadian swine sector while protecting the swine populations in both countries.分区管理 Zoning分区管理是一种国际公认的工具，用于帮助管理疾病和促进国际贸易。如果确定了一例非洲猪瘟病，则明确地理边界以控制疫情。这些地理边界内的区域构成了根据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)准则建立的主要控制区。这些主要控制区以外的地区被认为是无疫区。
Zoning is an internationally recognized tool used to help manage diseases and facilitate international trade. If a case of ASF is identified, geographic boundaries are defined to contain the outbreak. The area within these geographic boundaries forms the primary control zone(s) established in accordance with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) guidelines. The areas outside of these primary control zone(s) are considered disease-free zones.
加拿大还与下列国家订立了分区管理协定：
Canada has also established zoning arrangements with:欧盟-2019年9月The EU → in July 2019虽然在加拿大-欧盟全面经济和贸易协定(CETA)下，欧盟已经制定了适用于ASF的分区管理原则，但该安排是国际合作在降低ASF风险的同时保持安全贸易方面向前迈出的另一步。While there are zoning principles already in place with the EU that apply to ASF under the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the arrangement is an additional step forward in international collaboration in mitigating the risk of ASF while maintaining safe trade.美国-2021年3月，两国签署了一项指导双边贸易的议定书，规定了如果在野猪中检测到非洲猪瘟，而在家猪中没有病例的情况下如何减少对贸易的干扰。The U.S. → In March 2021, both countries signed a protocol to guide bilateral trade if ASF is detected in wild pigs, without cases in domestic swine.去年3月，加拿大和美国当局还表示，他们将继续修改其出口证书，以便在家猪爆发非洲猪瘟的情况下，允许从批准的无疫区进口活畜、猪精液、宠物食品、动物副产品和肉类。
Last March, Canada and United States authorities also stated that they would continue to modify their export certificates to allow trade of live animals, swine semen, pet food, and animal by-products and meat from approved disease-free zones in the event of an ASF outbreak in domestic pigs.澳大利亚 Australia牲畜的可追溯性Livestock traceability澳大利亚首席兽医说，未来五年内澳大利亚爆发大规模动物疫病的可能性为42%，这可能使澳大利亚价值170亿美元的畜牧业遭受重创。这一估计包括五分之一的非洲猪瘟爆发几率和近十分之一的口蹄疫爆发几率。
Australia's chief veterinarian said there's a 42% chance of a major animal disease outbreak in Australia in the next five years, which could devastate Australia's $17 billion livestock sector. This estimation includes a one in five chance of an ASF outbreak and an almost one in 10 chance of an FMD one.
基于这一风险评估，对澳大利亚肉类行业提出了一项重大审查建议，即对牲畜可追溯系统进行重大改革。这些建议包括：
In response to this risk assessment, a major review of Australia's meat industries has recommended significant changes to livestock traceability systems. Among the recommendations are:
1.建立并资助一个新的国家监管机构来监督可追溯性，目前这是各州的责任。To establish and fund a new national regulator to oversee traceability, which is currently theresponsibility of states.2.到2025年，所有牲畜都将打上个体电子耳牌。
All livestock will be fitted with individual electronic identification (EID) tags by 2025.
饲养不同动物的农场主对于强制实施个体电子耳牌的必要性上存在分歧。一方面，一些犹豫不决的农场主强调，在考虑实施一种让农场主自己承担大部分相关成本的体系之前，需要有公平的资金安排。另一方面，支持者表示，这个措施应该被视为“一项保险政策”，因为它给我们带来了生物安全以及在疾病爆发或传入时迅速追踪动物的能力。
Farmer groups are split on the need to implement mandatory EID tags across species. On one side, some groups that have shown hesitation highlight the need to have equitable funding arrangements before considering implementing a system where growers absorb most of the associated costs. On the other hand, supporters state that it should be seen as “an insurance policy because it gives us biosecurity, the ability to trace animals quickly should there be a disease outbreak or an incursion."亚洲 ASIA今年6月，不丹、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾和印度这五个国家报告了新的非洲猪瘟疫情。
In June, five countries - Bhutan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and India - reported new ASF outbreaks.不丹 Bhutan5月13日，在不丹楚卡区Phuentsholing镇污水处理厂附近首次发现到非洲猪瘟疫情，并在国家兽医实验室通过RT-PCR进行了确认。
On May 13, an ASF outbreak was detected for the first time in Bhutan around the sewerage plant area of Phuentsholing town, Chhukha district, and confirmed by RT-PCR at the National Veterinary Laboratory.此次疫情是在一个超过2000头的猪群中的34头觅食的流浪猪中发现的。这些猪穿越过不丹和印度西孟加拉邦之间管理松散的边界。(图1)。The disease was identified in 34 scavenging stray pigs within a population of over 2,000 pigs. These animals move across the porous border between Phuentsholing Town (Bhutan) and West Bengal, India. (Map 1).图1：非洲猪瘟在不丹和缅甸的爆发地点
Map 1. Location of ASF outbreaks in Bhutan and Myanmar印度 India印度西孟加拉邦尚未正式报告任何非洲猪瘟病例。尽管如此，根据印度当地的新闻媒体报道，非洲猪瘟已在印度国内传播。截止6月底，在米佐拉姆邦9个地区的许多村庄都证实了非洲猪瘟感染。这个邦与缅甸接壤。
The Indian state of West Bengal has not yet officially reported any ASF cases. Still, ASF is spreading inside India based on local news media. By the end of June, ASF was confirmed in many villages in nine districts in Mizoram state. This state borders Myanmar.据当地媒体报道，2021年3月至5月间，非洲猪瘟导致4,650头猪死亡。
According to local media, the virus caused 4,650 pigs to die between March and May 2021.非洲猪瘟在印度远东的另外两个邦，即藏南地区和阿萨姆邦得到了正式确认。这两次疫情都在2020年的上半年报告给了世界动物卫生组织，自那之后，没有来自印度的更多官方更新。
The virus had been officially confirmed in two other states of India, also in the far east of the country, i.e., Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Both outbreaks were reported to the OIE in the first months of 2020, after which no official updates came from India.缅甸 Myanmar6月9日，缅甸报告非洲猪瘟在该国复发。感染源仍不确定。流行病学调查证实感染动物同时感染PCV2。
On June 9, Myanmar reported the recurrence of ASF in the country. The source of infection is still inconclusive. The epidemiological investigation has confirmed the co-infection with PCV2 on the affected animals.印度尼西亚 Indonesia自去年5月以来，在婆罗洲岛北加里曼丹省的努努坎、马里瑙和布隆干地区发现了120多头死猪(图2)。当局怀疑病毒是从沙巴州和沙捞越(马来西亚省份)传入印尼的。
Since last May, more than 120 dead pigs have been found in the Nunukan, Malinau, and Bulungan Regencies of North Kalimantan Province on Borneo Island (Map 2). Authorities suspect that the virus entered Indonesia from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysian provinces).
图2：印度尼西亚新的非洲猪瘟爆发地点(婆罗洲岛)
Map 2. Location of new ASF outbreaks in Indonesia (Island of Borneo)欧洲 EUROPE今年6月，波兰、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯和斯洛伐克四个国家报告了在家猪中爆发的新的非洲猪瘟疫情。与此同时，包括波兰、德国、保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、斯洛伐克、立陶宛和拉脱维亚在内的9个国家报告了野猪ASF病例(ADIS系统)。
In June, four countries - Poland, Romania, Russia, and Slovakia - reported new ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs. Meanwhile, nine countries, including Poland, Germany, Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Lithuania, and Latvia, have reported cases of ASF on wild boar (ADIS system).欧洲委员会动物疾病系统(ADIS)的最新数据显示，截至6月27日，今年在12个国家的欧洲野猪中爆发的非洲猪瘟共计7501例。与上次于5月23日更新的数据相比，增加了842例。自2021年初以来，欧洲国家在波兰、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克和乌克兰共报道了564起家猪疫情。
The latest update from the European Commission Animal Disease System (ADIS) puts the total for outbreaks of ASF among European wild boar so far this year at 7,501 across 12 countries (as of June 27). Compared with the previous update on May 23, this is an increase of 842. Since the beginning of 2021, European countries have registered 564 outbreaks in domestic pigs across Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.
The ongoing ASF situation in South Africa continues as the disease spreads. The latest official reports to the OIE cover five new outbreaks — all in different provinces of the country (Gauteng, North West, Free State, Mpumalanga, Western Cape) — that started last May.
地图3：南非正在发生疫情的地点(注：每个点可能代表不止一起疫情)
Map 3. Location of ongoing outbreaks in South Africa (note: each point may represent more than 1 outbreak)第一起确认的疫情是在开普敦(西开普)，250头猪的后院养殖猪群中发生了7例。这使西开普省20次确诊疫情的感染猪数量达到1373头。
First to be confirmed were seven cases in a backyard herd of 250 pigs in Cape Town (Western Cape). These bring to 1,373 the number of pigs affected by 20 confirmed outbreaks in the Western Cape province.在这个国家的北部和东部，另一波非洲猪瘟疫情浪潮正在进行。该疾病三年前在普马兰加开始流行，现已蔓延到其他省份。自那时以来，已经确认了57次疫情，直接影响了近39,000头猪。
Further north and east in the country, another wave is ongoing. It started three years ago in Mpumalanga and has since spread to other provinces. Since then, 57 outbreaks have been confirmed, directly impacting almost 39,000 pigs.
这一波疫情中最近的一次爆发发生在普马兰加的一个小农场，以及自由州、豪登省和西北省各一个后院猪群中。
The latest outbreaks registered in this series were at a small farm in Mpumalanga and in one backyard herd in each of the Free State, Gauteng, and North West.
研究关键点
Research highlights
科学观点：非洲猪瘟通过户外养猪场传播Scientific Opinion: ASF spread through outdoor pig farms
欧洲食品安全署已经评估了非洲猪瘟通过户外养猪场传播的风险，并对欧盟受非洲猪瘟影响地区的户外养猪场提出了生物安全和控制措施。
EFSA has assessed the risk of ASF spreading through outdoor pig farms and has proposed biosecurity and control measures for outdoor farms in ASF-affected areas of the EU.在这个报告中，动物健康和福利专家组得出结论，户外养猪场引入和传播ASF的风险是巨大的，但在有非洲猪瘟的欧盟地区，在所有户外养猪场安装单实体围墙或双栅栏，可使这一风险至少降低50%。
In this report, the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare concluded that outdoor pig farms carry a substantial risk of introducing and spreading ASF, but that installing single solid or double fences on all outdoor pig farms in areas of the EU where ASF is present could reduce this risk by at least 50%.
为开展这一评估，从会员国兽医当局、农场主协会、文献和立法文件中收集了证据。同时，在区域专家的参与下，根据引入和传播非洲猪瘟的风险对室外养猪场进行分组，并根据生物安全措施的有效性对其进行排名。该小组还讨论了室外养猪场生物安全的潜在改善和相应的控制措施。
To develop this assessment, evidence was collected from the Member States veterinary authorities, farmers’ associations, literature, and legislative documents. In parallel, with the input of regional experts, outdoor pig farms were grouped according to their risk of introduction and spread of ASF, and biosecurity measures were ranked regarding their effectiveness. The panel also captured potential improvements of biosecurity for outdoor pig farming and accompanying control measures.
作者强调，鉴于室外养猪场很常见，欧盟各地存在不同的养猪场类型，而且欧洲也没有针对室外养猪场进行分类的立法，因此信息有限，也不全一致，需要谨慎解读。
The authors highlighted that given outdoor pig farming is common, there are different farm types present throughout the EU, and there is no legislation at the European level for categorizing outdoor pig farms in the EU, information is limited, not harmonized, and needs to be interpreted with care.
关键发现：
Key findings:
户外养猪场引入及传播ASFV的基线风险很高，但具有相当大的不确定性。The baseline risk of outdoor pig farms for ASFV introduction and its spread is high but withconsiderable uncertainty.1.专家组66 - 90%确信，如果在有非洲猪瘟（包括野猪群以及户外和室内饲养的家猪群）的欧盟地区，在所有户外养猪场安装单实体围墙或双栅栏(最坏的情况，不考虑不同的限制区域或特定情况)，那么在不需要任何其他特定的户外生物安全措施或控制措施的情况下，这将使这些猪场在一年内发生新的非洲猪瘟疫情的风险比基线风险降低50%以上。The Panel is 66–90% certain that, if single solid or double fences were fully and properly implemented on all outdoor pig farms in areas of the EU where ASF is present in wild boar and in domestic pigs in indoor farms and outdoor farms (worst case scenario not considering different restriction zones or particular situations), without requiring any other outdoor‐specific biosecurity measures or control measures, this would reduce the number of new ASF outbreaks occurring in these farms within a year by more than 50% compared to the baseline risk.2.专家组得出结论，使用全面综合的生物安全规定定期对猪场现场的生物安全进行独立和客观的评估，以及在主管当局管理的官方系统中根据生物安全风险批准户外养猪场，将进一步减少户外养猪场ASF的引入和传播的风险。
The Panel concludes that the regular implementation of independent and objective on‐farm biosecurity assessments using comprehensive standard protocols and approving outdoor pig farms on the basis of their biosecurity risk in an official system managed by competent authorities will further reduce the risk of ASF introduction and spread related to outdoor pig farms.
欧洲食品安全署建议，如果实施了这些和其他特定的生物安全措施，可以根据具体情况考虑取消目前对非洲猪瘟疫区户外养猪场的限制。EFSA recommends that derogations from the current restrictions on outdoor pig farming in ASF-affected areas could be considered on a case-by-case basis if these and other specified biosecuritymeasures have been implemented
